Subqueries:
Correlated Subqueries
Nested Subqueries
Scalar Subqueries
Subqueries in SELECT, FROM, WHERE, HAVING clauses
Set Operators:
UNION
INTERSECT
EXCEPT
Window Functions:
ROW_NUMBER()
RANK()
DENSE_RANK()
NTILE()
LEAD() and LAG()
FIRST_VALUE() and LAST_VALUE()
Common Table Expressions (CTEs):
Recursive CTEs
Non-Recursive CTEs
Using CTEs for recursive queries and hierarchical data
Advanced Joins:
LEFT JOIN / RIGHT JOIN / FULL OUTER JOIN
CROSS JOIN
Self Joins
Joining Multiple Tables
Indexing and Performance Optimization:
Creating and managing indexes
Query optimization techniques
Analyzing query execution plans
Transactions and Concurrency Control:
ACID properties (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability)
Transaction isolation levels (READ UNCOMMITTED, READ COMMITTED, REPEATABLE READ, SERIALIZABLE)
Locking mechanisms (Explicit and Implicit Locks)
Stored Procedures and Functions:
Creating and executing stored procedures
Input and output parameters
Error handling in stored procedures
User-defined functions (Scalar, Table-Valued)
Triggers:
Creating and managing triggers
Trigger types (BEFORE, AFTER, INSTEAD OF)
Trigger events (INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE)
Views and Materialized Views:
Creating and managing views
Indexed views
Materialized views and their advantages
Advanced Data Types and Manipulation:
XML and JSON data types
ARRAY data type (if supported by the database)
Handling hierarchical and semi-structured data
Security and Authentication:
User and role management
Granting and revoking privileges
Row-level security and column-level security